Igipimo cya elegitoroniki nukuri?Kuki metero zamazi na gaze rimwe na rimwe zibura "umubare munini"?Kugenda mugihe utwaye nigute umwanya uhagaze?Ibice byinshi byubuzima bwa buri munsi mubyukuri bifitanye isano no gupima.Gicurasi 20 ni "Umunsi wa Metrology Day", metrologiya ni nkumwuka, ntabwo igaragara, ariko burigihe hafi yabantu.
Ibipimo bivuga igikorwa cyo kumenya ubumwe bwibice nagaciro nyako kandi kwizewe, ibyo bita "gupima ningamba" mumateka yacu.Hamwe niterambere ryumusaruro na siyansi nubuhanga, metrologiya igezweho yateye imbere mubyiciro byigenga bikubiyemo uburebure, ubushyuhe, ubukanishi, electromagnetism, radio, inshuro nyinshi, imirasire ya ionizing, optique, acoustics, chimie nibindi byiciro icumi, hamwe nubusobanuro bwa metero yaguye kandi mubumenyi bwo gupima no kuyishyira mu bikorwa.
Metrology yateye imbere byihuse havuka impinduramatwara mu nganda, kandi icyarimwe ishyigikira iterambere rihoraho ry’umusaruro w’inganda.Muri Revolution ya mbere yinganda, gupima ubushyuhe nimbaraga byatumye habaho iterambere rya moteri ya parike, ari nako byihutishije gukenera ubushyuhe no gupima umuvuduko.Impinduramatwara ya kabiri mu nganda ihagarariwe no gukoresha amashanyarazi menshi, gupima ibipimo by'amashanyarazi byihutishije kwiga ibiranga amashanyarazi, kandi ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi byatejwe imbere biva mu bikoresho byoroheje byerekana amashanyarazi bigera ku gikoresho cyiza kiranga amashanyarazi.Mu myaka ya za 1940 na 1950, hatangijwe impinduramatwara mu ikoranabuhanga mu kugenzura amakuru mu bice byinshi nk'amakuru, ingufu nshya, ibikoresho bishya, ibinyabuzima, ikoranabuhanga mu kirere n'ikoranabuhanga rya Marine.Iyobowe na yo, metrologiya yateye imbere igana ku ntera ntarengwa, ntoya, hejuru cyane kandi ntoya cyane, ibyo bikaba byateje imbere iterambere ryihuse ry'ubumenyi n'ikoranabuhanga bigezweho nka nanotehnologiya n'ikoranabuhanga mu kirere.Ikoreshwa ryinshi rya tekinolojiya mishya nkingufu za atome, semiconductor, na mudasobwa ya elegitoronike byateje imbere buhoro buhoro kuva kuri macroscopique yumubiri wibipimo byo gupima kugera ku bipimo bya kwant, kandi intambwe nini imaze guterwa mu ikoranabuhanga rya kure, ikoranabuhanga ryubwenge, hamwe n’ikoranabuhanga rimenyekanisha kuri interineti.Turashobora kuvuga ko buri gusimbuka muri metrologiya byazanye imbaraga zikomeye zo guhanga ubumenyi na tekinoloji, iterambere ryibikoresho bya siyansi no kwagura ibipimo mubice bifitanye isano.
Mu mwaka wa 2018, Inama mpuzamahanga ya 26 yerekeye gupima yatoye icyemezo cyo kuvugurura sisitemu mpuzamahanga y’ibice (SI), yahinduye imikorere y’ibipimo n’ibipimo.Ukurikije imyanzuro, ikiro, ampere, Kelvin na mole mubice shingiro bya SI byahinduwe mubisobanuro bihoraho bishyigikiwe na tekinoroji ya metero.Dufashe ikiro nk'urugero, hashize imyaka irenga ijana, ikiro 1 kingana na misa ya kilo mpuzamahanga y'umwimerere “Big K” yabitswe na Biro mpuzamahanga ya Metrology.Iyo misa ifatika ya "binini K" imaze guhinduka, noneho ikiro cyibice nacyo kizahinduka, kandi kigire ingaruka kumurongo wibice bifitanye isano.Izi mpinduka "zigira ingaruka kumubiri wose", ibyiciro byose byubuzima bigomba kongera gusuzuma ibipimo bihari, kandi uburyo buhoraho bwo gusobanura bukemura neza iki kibazo.Nkuko mu 1967, igihe ibisobanuro byigice cyigihe "icya kabiri" byavuguruwe hamwe nimiterere ya atome, ikiremwamuntu muri iki gihe gifite nogukoresha ibyogajuru hamwe nikoranabuhanga rya interineti, gusobanura ibice bine byibanze bizagira ingaruka zikomeye kubumenyi, ikoranabuhanga. , ubucuruzi, ubuzima, ibidukikije nizindi nzego.
Iterambere rya siyanse n'ikoranabuhanga, gupima mbere.Gupima ntabwo ari integuza gusa n'ingwate ya siyanse n'ikoranabuhanga, ahubwo ni n'ingenzi mu kurengera ubuzima bw'abantu n’ubuzima.Insanganyamatsiko y'uyu munsi ku isi ku isi ni “Gupima ubuzima”.Mu rwego rwo kwita ku buzima, uhereye ku kugena ibizamini bito by’umubiri n’ibipimo by’ibiyobyabwenge kugeza kumenyekanisha neza no gupima poroteyine zigoye na molekile ya RNA mu gihe cyo guteza imbere inkingo, metrologiya y’ubuvuzi nuburyo bukenewe kugira ngo ibikoresho by’ubuvuzi bibe byuzuye kandi byizewe.Mu rwego rwo kurengera ibidukikije, metrologiya itanga inkunga mu kugenzura no gucunga ikirere, ubwiza bw’amazi, ubutaka, ibidukikije by’imirasire n’indi myanda, kandi ni “ijisho ry’umuriro” kurinda imisozi yatsi.Mu rwego rwo kwihaza mu biribwa, ibiribwa bidafite umwanda bigomba gukora ibipimo nyabyo no gutahura ibintu byangiza mu bice byose by’umusaruro, gupakira, gutwara, kugurisha, n'ibindi, kugira ngo abaturage babone ibyo bategereje ku mirire myiza.Mu bihe biri imbere, biteganijwe ko metrologiya izateza imbere aho iherereye, mu rwego rwo hejuru no gushyira mu bikorwa ibikoresho byo gusuzuma no kuvura hakoreshejwe ibikoresho bya biomedicine mu Bushinwa, kandi bikayobora kandi bigateza imbere iterambere ryiza ry’inganda z’ubuzima.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-21-2023